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William Alfred Passavant (October 9, 1821 - June 3, 1894) was a Lutheran minister noted for bringing the Lutheran Deaconess movement to the United States. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on November 24 with Justus Falckner and Jehu Jones. He is also honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America on January 3. ==Early life== William Alfred Passavant was born in 1821 in Zelienople, Pennsylvania, the third and youngest son of Phillipe Louis Passavant and Fredericka Wilhelmina Basse (nicknamed "Zelie," hence the town's name). His grandfather, Baron Dettmar Basse, born in Iserlohn in the Ruhr Valley in what was then the Grand Duchy of Hesse and later became Germany, spent a decade in Paris as a diplomat and merchant before fleeing the Napoleonic Wars and emigrating to Philadelphia and then Pittsburgh in 1801. Drawn by the prospect of religious freedom and economic opportunity, the widower Baron bought 10,000 acres along Connoquenessing Creek in Butler County, Pennsylvania, began building a wood framed castle, and founded (with Christian Buhl) a new town complete with sawmill, brickyard, and an iron furnace.〔https://ojs.libraries.psu.edu/index.php/wph/article/viewFile/1371/1219〕〔http://www.bchistory.org/beavercounty/BeaverCountyTopical/SteelandIron/BassenheimFurnace/BassenheimFurnace.html〕 He also traveled and sent glowing letters back to Germany, persuading his daughter and her new husband (a French Huguenot who fled after repeal of the Edict of Nantes) to emigrate in 1807 from Frankfurt. Phillipe Passavant built a store and became the new town's first merchant.〔http://www.zelienoplehistoricalsociety.com/〕 The Baron experienced financial reverses at the war's end, and eventually sold Bassenheim to Michael Beltzhoover and headed back to Germany in 1818, dying in Mannheim in 1836.〔https://ojs.libraries.psu.edu/index.php/wph/article/viewFile/1371/1219 at p. 22〕 It was resold to Mr. Saunders, who ran a Presbyterian school on the site (attended by young William Passavant as well as his lifelong friend the future Rev. George Wenzel) until it was hit by lightning and burned down in 1842. Meanwhile, the Baron had also sold half his land to the Harmonites, a pietist sect led by Johann Georg Rapp and his brother Frederick, who then founded Harmony, Pennsylvania, but eventually sold their colony to Abraham Zeigler who moved it further west, to New Harmony, Indiana.〔https://ojs.libraries.psu.edu/index.php/wph/article/viewFile/1371/1219 p.23〕〔Shelby Miller Ruch, Harmony (Arcadia Publishing, 2009) at p. 8〕 Young Passavant and Wenzel crossed the Allegheny Mountains to attend Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. In addition to his studies, Passavant taught Sunday school and sold subscriptions to the ''Lutherische Kirchenzeitung'' (published in Philadelphia beginning in 1838), as well as an English-language Reform magazine, the ''Observer.'' Realizing that he needed Wenzel's tutoring in German, and that other American-born Lutherans faced similar problems, Passavant tried unsuccessfully to persuade the Philadelphia publisher to publish a Lutheran almanac in English.〔Gerberding, G.H., Life and Letters of W. A. Passavant, D. D., Illinois Historical Society, 1909 at https://archive.org/stream/lifelettersofwap00gerb/lifelettersofwap00gerb_djvu.txt at pp. 36, 40-41〕 While at college, where Passavant attended the Presbyterian services offered, he learned his sister Emma had married an amiable Presbyterian minister, Rev. Sidney Jennings.〔Gerberding at p. 38〕 After taking a year off from his studies due to the unexpected death of his eldest brother Detmar in Pittsburgh, Passavant entered the Gettysburg Seminary under Rev. Samuel Schmucker to prepare for a pastoral career.〔Gerberding p. 42 et seq.〕 Among his classmates was Charles Porterfield Krauth, son of the President of Gettysburg College and who later led the neo-Lutheran movement Passavant ultimately joined.〔''Historical roots run deep in Zelienople'' (Trudy M. Gray, The Tribune-Review Publishing Co. August 1, 2004) http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_205376.html〕 There, Passavant continued his Sunday School work, and also canvassed for the Pennsylvania Bible Society, sought funds for the Protestant mission in Cincinnati, Ohio, and attended revival meetings that his father considered too Methodistic.〔Gerberding at pp. 53-61〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Passavant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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